From Personal Computers to Artificial Intelligence: A Quarter-Century of Transformation

From the vantage point of the early 1990s, the personal computer seemed the very summit of human ingenuity, an instrument that placed unprecedented power upon the individual’s desk. The subsequent decades bore witness to a steady march of abstractions: the frameworks of Java and .NET civilised programming into disciplined languages; the rise of the cloud …

Starter Kit: Build Your Own LLM – TensorFlow

Building your own LLM can be a transformative step in research, product innovation, or domain-specific automation. Depending on your goals, computational resources, and available data, there are two primary paths you can take: Choose Your Track First Goal Track Description đź”§ Full control, academic/research Build from Scratch You define architecture, tokenizer, train from raw text …

Pricing Paradigms: Classical Models in Equity and Derivative Markets

In the intricate world of finance, accurately pricing instruments is not merely a technical necessity—it’s the cornerstone of capital allocation, risk management, and trading strategies. Whether you’re valuing a share of stock or an exotic derivative, the choice of pricing model defines how you interpret value, risk, and return. This article offers a structured overview …

Ai frameworks

Framework / Tool Description LangChain Popular framework to build LLM-powered agents using chains, memory, tools. LangGraph Graph-based agentic extension of LangChain for managing agent workflows. Auto-GPT Autonomous agent built on top of GPT models that can plan and execute goals. BabyAGI Lightweight, task-based autonomous agent that loops tasks with memory. CrewAI Multi-agent framework where different …